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Chesapeake Bay
The Chesapeake Bay ( ) is an estuary lying inland from the Atlantic Ocean, and surrounded by the North American mainland to the West, and the Delmarva Peninsula to the East. It is the largest such body in the US. The northern bay is within Maryland, the southern portion within Virginia, and is a very important feature for the ecology and economy of those two states, as well as others. More than 150 major rivers and streams flow into the bay's drainage basin, which covers parts of six states (New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia) plus all of the District of Columbia.〔
The bay is approximately long from its northern headwaters in the Susquehanna River to its outlet in the Atlantic Ocean. It is wide at its narrowest (between Kent County's Plum Point near Newtown and the Harford County shore near Romney Creek) and at its widest (just south of the mouth of the Potomac River). Total shoreline including tributaries is , circumnavigating a surface area of . Average depth is , reaching a maximum of . The bay is spanned twice, in Maryland by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge from Sandy Point (near Annapolis) to Kent Island and in Virginia by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel connecting Virginia Beach to Cape Charles. Known for both its beauty and bounty, the bay is becoming "emptier", with fewer crabs, oysters and watermen in recent years. Recent restoration efforts begun in the 1990s have been ongoing and show potential for growth of the native oyster population.〔http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/in-the-chesapeake-bay-signs-of-an-oyster-comeback/2013/11/19/58bf61b6-5153-11e3-9fe0-fd2ca728e67c_graphic.html〕〔http://www.abc2news.com/news/region/eastern-shore/maryland-oysters-making-a-comeback〕
==Etymology==
The word ''Chesepiooc'' is an Algonquian word referring to a village "at a big river." It is the seventh oldest surviving English place-name in the U.S., first applied as "Chesepiook" by explorers heading north from the Roanoke Colony into a Chesapeake tributary in 1585 or 1586.〔Also shown as "Chisupioc" (by John Smith) and "Chisapeack", in Algonquian "che" means "big" or "great", "sepi" means river, and the "oc" or "ok" ending indicated something (a village, in this case) "at" that feature. "Sepi" is also found in another placename of Algonquian origin, Mississippi. The name was soon transferred by the English from the big river and the village at that site to the entire bay. 〕 In 2005, Algonquian linguist Blair Rudes "helped to dispel one of the area's most widely held beliefs: that 'Chesapeake' means something like 'great shellfish bay.' It does not, Rudes said. The name might actually have meant something like 'great water,' or it might have just referred to a village location at the bay's mouth." In addition, the name is almost always prefixed by "the" in usage by local residents: "The Chesapeake", "The Chesapeake Bay" and "The Bay." .〔http://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/bay101/facts〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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